It says indirectly to..... Which means you can't connect it directly. Still need an air gap or air break.
The next section says lav or accessible tub overflow.
Ah, and the next section (814.6) refers to a direct connection. Thank you for the clarification and for sticking with me, I stopped reading too soon.
I agree now that a connection to a tailpiece is not an indirect connection and doesn't provide an air break. If you had a lavatory or sink with an extra inlet high on the side wall near the flood rim, to which you connected your condensate drain, that would be an indirect connection and provide an air break. [Note that the definition of "drainage system" includes piping but not fixtures, so the tailpiece is part of the drainage system, but the sink is not.]
The difference between that and a tailpiece direct connection just seems to be how far the sink has to back up to reach the condensate drain connection. But I agree that in practice it's a big difference, you don't have much chance noticing a backup until it comes up into the sink.
As to California practices, basements are rare in the warm populous parts of the state. So there's likely to be plumbing fixtures on the same level as the HVAC equipment. Or the HVAC equipment is in the attic.
Cheers, Wayne