A major cause of your problem is the 64,000 grains Capacity setting. As previously stated, 40 lbs salt would be required to regenerate 64K grains of capacity each cycle, so the 24 lbs that was being dissolved, did not regenerate 64K grains so your softener was running out of capacity long before each regeneration occured, and was allowing high hardness leakage through the resin even after regeneration.
Because all of the resin's capacity has been depleted, the resin's capacity should now be fully regenerated before correctly programming the softener for ongoing use.
Since the current Brine Fill setting is resulting in 24 lbs salt being dissolved, suggest ensuring there is sufficient salt in the brine tank, then perform a full manual regeneration. Once the 1st regen cycle has completed, which will require 106 minutes with the current settings, then reprogram the controller's Capacity setting to 48, and the Brine Fill setting to 11-minutes. Wait ~30 minutes to allow sufficient salt to dissolve for a 2nd regen cycle, then perform a 2nd manual regeneration. The 2nd regeneration could be started directly before you depart for bed. In the morning, you should find the soft water to be considerably softer than it has been, but if your home is equipped with a tank type water heater, the hot water will remain harder than the cold water until all of the water in the WH has been replaced with new softer water.
With hardness indicated with large number gaps between each color indicator, test strips are not an appropriate method for accurately determining hardness. I remain uncertain of your actual raw well water hardness level. Suggest obtaining a Hach 5B to obtain an accurate hardness reading. Also unclear is if there is any iron present, nor do we know the number of residents in the home so as to determine and advise you on the appropriate Reserve Capacity setting to program.
Always recommended to fill the Brine tank to the top with salt. With the more efficient settings specified above, you will probably not need to top-up the brine tank with additional salt for numerous months.