Thanks for the input. I’m a DIY’er, not a plumber. Not sure of the meaning of “closet flange,” but the toilet flange I have is brass. It is thinner than 1/2”. It sits up off the tile. The distance from the tile surface to the top of the high side of the flange (the flange is a little tilted) is 1/2”. When I removed the toilet, I noticed that the wax ring was very thin on the high side of the flange, making me think that when the toilet was set in place on top of the wax ring, and then bolted to the flange, the wax was compressed such that it thinned out. I’m thinking that the same thing will happen if I just put a new wax ring in place. I see my good options as being to either install a toilet that has more room under it (if such a toilet exists), or have my plumber cut out the cast iron waste pipe and replace with PVC, with a new flange set at the proper height. The toilet is in a first floor powder room, with basement below. Access is pretty good. But if I’m being unduly pessimistic, I’m all ears.