In that case heat dissipation from the box due to I²R loss and bad wirenutting/connections depends on heat conduction through the copper and the cover plate being at room temp. I guess the NEC has already figured the boxes would be insulated with no air flow around them.
I guess that means that enclosures have, or the air in them has, never gotten to 120 °C
"Wood slowly chars [at] 120°-150°"
but failed connections certainly have
"Electrical arcing [up to] to 3750°[C]