The two wires in the front look almost white. Are they more red in real life?
If those two breakers do indeed serve the one outlet, then they need their handles properly tied together -- or be on one tandem (240V) breaker.
The counter-top receptacles should not be switched. Switching half of the other receptacles is so you can plug in floor lamps and have them switched at the room entry. If you had/have proper overhead lighting, then the outlets would not "need" to be switched.
The pros must all be out working. I'm sure one will step in soon with a more thorough explanation.
As far as switching all the bottom outlets they did that so you could plug a lamp into any of them and control it with the wall switch.
The kitchen pic looks like a way to make sure you would trip a breaker on overload by having each half of the outlet powered by a separate circuit. You could have the toaster and the microwave plugged into the same spot, running at the same time.
Yes I can explain - typo. Should say "would not".You want to explain that? If I feed each half of a duplex with its own feed, one plug doesn't care at all what is plugged into the other one...they are entirely separate. Now, if you didn't break the tab, you may not get either breaker to stay on, but that's something different entirely.
Feeding each half separately is often done with 12/3 and a shared neutral, but that's not what is going on here.
This is awkward, but...
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