The glue we most commonly use does not use primer, but the directions say that you can pressure test after an hour and full strength is reached at 24 hours depending on temperature and humidity.
Here are some instructions taken from this page:
http://www.sprinkler.com/info/install_manual
Gluing Pipe and Fittings
Make sure all surfaces that are to be glued are clean and dry. Apply Primer to both surfaces thoroughly and evenly. Generously apply glue to both surfaces, quickly pushing them together while twisting (about a quarter of a turn.) The glue will dry in a few seconds, but will not reach its full strength for about 24 hours.
I always wait 24 hours on any main line (line that always has pressure), but a half hour is fine for lateral lines (only have pressure when the valve is on).