Well Water Pressure Question

We're new to the world of wells - having moved last summer to a 20 year old house with well and 4 raised gardens with working spigots at each. We turned off the outside water for the winter. But we can't seem to achieve pressure on the garden spigots. We turn them on and water rushes through, then stops. It's as if there's no air coming into the well to replace the vacated water.

At the well site - there is a rubber tube that looked like it had come loose from the well cap. In the middle of winter while the outside water was off I secured it back so that it is air tight. Was the once open tube the way water pressure to the garden spigots was achieved?

Thanks for any advice!

clueless in free union

Jet pump? Submersible pump? Maybe even a picture? "I am clueless as to what you have."