Toxicity. Ingestion of formaldehyde leads to damage to the mucous membranes of mouth, throat, and intestinal tract; severe pain, vomiting, and diarrhea result. Inhalation of low concentrations can lead to irritation of the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. Inhalation of high concentrations of formaldehyde causes severe damage to the respiratory system and to the heart, and may even lead to death. Other symptoms from exposure to formaldehyde include: headache, weakness, rapid heartbeat, symptoms of shock, gastroenteritis, central nervous system depression, vertigo, stupor, reduced body temperature, and coma. Repeated contact with skin promotes allergic reactions, dermatitis, irritation, and hardening. Contact with eyes causes injuries ranging from minor, transient injury to permanent blindness, depending on the concentration of the formaldehyde solution. In addition, menstrual disorders and secondary sterility have been reported in women exposed to formaldehyde.
Carcinogenicity. Formaldehyde is a probable human carcinogen via both inhalation and oral exposure, based on limited evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals.
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