View Full Version : Adding 4-way switches to a 3-way lighting circuit
cej22
04-20-2009, 04:43 PM
I understand that there are a myriad of ways to wire up three way switches, but that's about as far as my knowledge goes. Here's my issue. I've got three cans which are currently controlled by two 3-way switches. I want to add two more switches to control this same set of lights. Access is fairly good in that the walls are open to all but one light and one switch. What is involved in adding these 4-way switches? I'll draw up a diagram if necessary. Thanks.
Bill Arden
04-20-2009, 05:12 PM
The 4 way switches are connected in series with the two wires that go between the 3-way switches.
Like this
http://gilchrist-electric.com/Images/wiringdiagrams/switching/4-way-switch-wiring-diagram.jpg
There is only ONE way to wire three way switches, and there are a limited, not myriad, number of ways the switches can be physically positioned. The 4-way switches are attached to the two traveler wires between the 3-way switches, AND you have to check the wiring diagram for the switches you use to determine HOW the wires attach to it, i.e. line 1/A and line 2/B.
cej22
04-21-2009, 07:46 AM
There is only ONE way to wire three way switches, and there are a limited, not myriad, number of ways the switches can be physically positioned.
Are you playing semantics? Would you prefer I say there are "multiple configurations" rather than a "myriad of ways?" :confused:
Here are a few different "ways," but I suspect you knew that...
http://www.homeimprovementweb.com/information/how-to/three-way-switch.htm
220/221
04-21-2009, 05:30 PM
There is only ONE way to wire three way switches
Come on now plumber. You know he meant 3 way circuits.:rolleyes:
The first thing to understand is how your system is wired. You will need to take the switches out and do some simple testing. Details depend on how it's wired.
The next thing to understand is how the 4ways work, along with the 3 ways.
The 3 way circuit uses two traveler wires, sending power on to one or the other of them. The 4way switch simply flips the traveler connections.
You 3way/4way system will have a 3way sw on each end and as many 4ways as you desire in between.
Pull out the switches and see what you have in there. A diagram will be necessary, or at least an accurate written description.
EDIT: IF you existing circuit is not wired thru the lights, all you really need is access to the three wire cable running between the switches. If you can cut that cable and splice onto it, you are good.
Cut the cable and, in a jbox, splice on to a new 3 wire cable and run it to the first 4way, Run the 3 wire cable to the next 4 way, Run the 3 wire cable back to other end of where you cut the cable.
The exact make up of the wiring depends on what colors the original installer used.
cej22
04-21-2009, 06:43 PM
I think this is starting to make sense. The existing circuit is not wired through the lights.
Here's what I've got. At the top of the stairs is the first switch. 14/3 leads from there to the second switch. There isn't another set of wires in the first box. The second 3-way switch has the common wire from the 14/3 attached, and then the other screws are occupied with the hot and neutral coming from the fixtures. The red wire from the 14/3 goes into a wire nut with hot wires that come from the power source and go to the next switch on the circuit. That's the part that doesn't really match the various diagrams I have. I would have expected the red to go to the second 3-way switch.
If I understand you correctly, it sounds like I can leave the existing three way switches in their current locations by removing the end of the 14/3 from the bottom of the stairs (it's long enough that a junction box wouldn't be necessary) and run it to my 4-ways, then eventually end back up at the 3-way at the bottom of the stairs.
220/221
04-21-2009, 09:20 PM
The second 3-way switch has the common wire from the 14/3 attached, and then the other screws are occupied with the hot and neutral coming from the fixtures.
You are not describing it correctly.
1. The neutral wires are not involved in the switching.
The red wire from the 14/3 goes into a wire nut with hot wires that come from the power source and go to the next switch on the circuit
Here is how a 3way circuit is wired.
The common terminal on one 3W sw is wired to a hot wire (constant 120v)
The common terminal of the other switch is wired to the switch leg (wire going to the light)
There are two wires that connect the other two terminals of both switches (travelers)
It sounds like they used the red to send the power upstairs to the first switch and black and white as travelers.
The black wire going to the fixtures is connected to the common on the bottom of the stairs.
There shoud be two whites connected together in the upstairs box (source neutral and lights neutral.
it sounds like I can leave the existing three way switches in their current locations by removing the end of the 14/3 from the bottom of the stairs
Correct. pull it out and drop in to one 4way location, then the next, then back to the downstairs 3W.
IF the upstairs switch has the RED on the common, wirenut the reds together in the 4way boxes and use the black/whites as travelers.
When you install the 4way switches, I don't remember if they go side to side or tops/bottoms on the switch (it will have 4 terminals. Look at the diagram on the box.
jimbo
04-22-2009, 06:47 AM
I always like to see a diagram in print, rather than folllow text instructions. Google will bring you such diagrams, and the little green book titled "wiring simplified" is a terrific tool for anyone doing electrical work. Available at all the hardware stores.
Yes. If you understand the mechanics of a 4 way switch installation, then you can project it to any "configuration", because you will realize that once you interupt the travelers between the two switches, at most you just need two wires to the four way(s), and two wires back, and you can run them anyway you wish to.
220/221
04-22-2009, 09:05 AM
at most you just need two wires to the four way(s), and two wires back, and you can run them anyway you wish to.
While this statement is true, it's not a good idea to deviate from standard wiring methods. The smart thing is to take the 3 wire thru the 4 ways even though you don't actually need the hot leg in switch boxes.
cej22
04-22-2009, 01:35 PM
Thanks, guys. I do have the Wiring Simplified book that was recommended, but I'll sheepishly admit that I'm still trying to fully understand 3 and 4-way switches. That's probably plenty obvious.
Sounds like I'm okay in this situation because I can add the 4-ways and hook up the new 14/3 back at the last switch exactly as it's currently configured. I'll figure it out. Thanks for the help.
220/221
04-22-2009, 03:42 PM
I'm still trying to fully understand 3 and 4-way switches.
It's all about understanding the mechanics of the switch. The 3W simply connects the common pole to one or the other of the other two.
The 4way flips them. If you have blk/wht in and blk/wht out, the 4way either connects BB/WW or BW/BW
I saw one really slick animation which showed the current flow as the switches were operated. I have no idea where it was though.
Just don't do like one person wanted to do. He had installed a 3/14 w/grd from the 3 ways to the 4 way. When I told him he needed four wires to make the 4 way work he wanted to know if the bare ground would work as the fourth wire.
Thatguy
04-24-2009, 04:57 PM
3-way switches and 4-way switches act like a single SPST switch in series with a source in series with a load, but where all these things are located makes for a lot of combinations.
cej22
09-24-2009, 01:02 PM
I can't believe it has been this long since I originally posted about this. Anyway, I was able to get this originally figured out simply by cutting the 14/3 that lead from the upstairs switch to the downstairs switch. I ran it to the first 4-way location and two more subsequent 4-way locations, then back to the downstairs 3-way switch and hooked it up exactly as it was by the electricians during the original build. I'll admit that I did this because I could never really make sense of the original configuration of the 3-way switch, but everything worked just fine when I did it. I simply wired all of the like colors together at the 4-way locations and everything worked great.
Now I'm doing the finish electrical and have run into problems installing the 4-way switches. When I installed the first 4-way switch, I wired the white wires together, and then used the black and reds on the four screws. The lights remained on whether the switch was in the on or off position. They only turned off when the rocker was held in the middle position. I moved the black and red wires top to bottom and side to side, but never got the switch working correctly. So now I'm trying to understand the 3-way switch locations to see how to correct this.
The upstairs 3-way switch is easy. That box has just one 14/3 going into it, with the black wire being attached to the common screw. But the bottom 3-way switch box is quite confusing to me. There are four separate sets of wires in the box for this circuit. I've taken a pic so you can see what I'm dealing with. Three of the whites are wired together. Two of the blacks are wired with the red, and the other two blacks are wired to the 3-way switch. The last white is wired to the switch.
Can anyone make sense of this in very clear terms? What is wrong?
I'll also add that I don't think I'm completely stupid when it comes to this stuff. I added a new circuit with 12 cans on it that has both 3 and 4-way switches. That one works just fine. I just can't make sense of the old work.
ActionDave
09-24-2009, 09:49 PM
Red wire is tied in w/ two blacks. Where do the two blacks go? Power in and out perhaps?
Jim Port
09-25-2009, 05:20 AM
The wire pairs on the 4w should be the same colors as the wires on the 2 brass colored terminals on the 3 way switches.
You cannot just "connect the four wires to the four screws". Two screws are for the wires in, and two are for the wires out, but you have to look at the switch diagram to see which pairs of wires go where. You can connect the wires coming in to either of the two "in" screws and the same with the out one, but you cannot connect one incoming wire to an "in" screw and the other to an "out" terminal. You have mixed yours and therefore the only time it works is at the middle when all the contacts are connected together for an instant.
cej22
09-25-2009, 07:14 AM
The wire pairs on the 4w should be the same colors as the wires on the 2 brass colored terminals on the 3 way switches.
So I should wire the reds together at the 4-way locations and use the white ones on the screws instead?. I don't know why the red wire at the 3-way in the picture isn't wired to the switch? Should the wiring be corrected at the 3-way, or does that configuration make sense to you guys. It seems unorthodox from what I've read.
cej22
09-25-2009, 07:17 AM
You cannot just "connect the four wires to the four screws". Two screws are for the wires in, and two are for the wires out, but you have to look at the switch diagram to see which pairs of wires go where. You can connect the wires coming in to either of the two "in" screws and the same with the out one, but you cannot connect one incoming wire to an "in" screw and the other to an "out" terminal. You have mixed yours and therefore the only time it works is at the middle when all the contacts are connected together for an instant.
I did connect the same set of wires to the in screws, and then the other set to the out screws. It didn't work. That's when I swapped their locations and tried that. Still no luck.
ActionDave
09-25-2009, 11:32 PM
From your description and photo it appears power and s/l are in the same box and the red is the hot to the upstairs three-way, can't be sure.
What do the wires in the downstairs box do?
cej22
09-26-2009, 07:11 AM
From your description and photo it appears power and s/l are in the same box and the red is the hot to the upstairs three-way, can't be sure.
What do the wires in the downstairs box do?
Sorry. What do you mean by s/l? Switch leg?
There are maybe five or six outlets on the same circuit. I assume that the other wires in the box are either coming from or going to those outlets.
ActionDave
09-26-2009, 08:07 AM
Yes, switch leg- The wire going to the light.
If the red is tied into the power it would go to the common in upstairs box.
cej22
11-13-2009, 09:10 AM
The wire pairs on the 4w should be the same colors as the wires on the 2 brass colored terminals on the 3 way switches.
Just wanted to say thanks for this advice. I finally got back to this project and got everything working. I appreciate the help.
quote; Come on now plumber. You know he meant 3 way circuits
In that case it would have been "3 way circuit", since there is only ONE common/ordinary three way circuit. It just has many, not a myriad, variations of the one circuit, depending on where the switches are located relative to each other, where the power enters the circuit, and where it leaves to go the fixture. But when you break them down to the schematic, they eventually are all the same. This discounts speciallized systems with proprietary circuitry and switches. These have to be wired according to the manufacturers specifications and use their exclusive switches.
Wire COLOR means absolutely nothing. The wire's purpose is what determines which gets connected where. At this point the only way to determine that is to test each wire to see if it is a traveler, hot, neutral, or switched leg to the light.
cej22
11-14-2009, 07:39 PM
Wire COLOR means absolutely nothing. The wire's purpose is what determines which gets connected where. At this point the only way to determine that is to test each wire to see if it is a traveler, hot, neutral, or switched leg to the light.
I'll repeat that this issue is resolved thanks to Jim Port's advice. Everything is working. Thanks.